References

Bluff R. Interviewing in qualitative research. In: Cluett E, Bluff R (eds). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2006

Caukwell S, Joels LA, Kyle PM, Mills MS. Women's attitudes towards management of breech presentation at term. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2002; 22:(5)486-488 https://doi.org/10.1080/0144361021000003591

Chan ZCY, Fung YL, Client WT. Bracketing in phenomenology: only undertaken in the data collection and analysis process?. The Qualitative Report. 2013; 18:(59)1-9 https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2013.1486

Colaizzi P. Psychological research as a phenomenologist views it. In: Valle R, King M (eds). Oxford: University Press; 1978

Dartnall L, Ganguly N, Batterham J. Access to maternity services research report.DH: COI and Department of Health Accessing Maternity Services Research; 2005

Founds SA. Women's and provider's experiences of breech presentation in Jamaica: a qualitative study. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2007; 44:(8)1391-1399 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.07.018

Glezerman M. Planned vaginal breech delivery: current status and the need to reconsider. Expert Review of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2012; 7:(2)159-166 https://doi.org/10.1586/eog.12.2

Gray JR, Grove SK, Sutherland S. The practice of nursing research: appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence, 8th edn. St. Louis, Mo: Saunders; 2016

Grove SK, Burns N, Gray J. The practice of nursing research: appraisal, synthesis and generation of evidence, 6th edn. St. Louis, Mo: Saunders; 2013

Guittier MJ, Bonnet J, Jarabo G, Boulvain M, Irion O, Hudelson P. Breech presentation and choice of mode of childbirth: a qualitative study of women's experiences. Midwifery. 2011; 27:(6)e208-213 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2010.08.008

Hannah ME, Hannah WJ, Hewson SA, Hodnett ED, Saigal S, Willan AR. Planned caesarean section versus vaginal birth of breech presentation at term: a randomised multicentre trial. The Lancet. 2000; 356:(9239)1375-1383 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02840-3

Homer CSE, Watts NP, Petrovska K, Sjostedt CM, Bisits A. Women's experiences of planning a vaginal breech birth in Australia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015; 15:(89)1-8 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-015-0521-4

On behalf of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. External cephalic version and reducing the incidence of term breech presentation. Green-top guideline no. 20a. 2017a. https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1471-0528.14466

On behalf of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. The management of breech presentation. Green-top guideline no. 20b. 2017b. https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1471-0528.14465

Isakov O, Reicher L, Lavie A, Yogev Y, Maslovitz S. Prediction of success in external cephalic version for breech presentation at term. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2019; 133:(5)857-866 https://doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000003196

Kotaska A., Menticoglou S, Gagnon R. Vaginal delivery of breech presentation. SOGC clinical practice guideline no. 226. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2009; 107:169-176 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2009.07.002

Langford R. Navigating the maze of nursing research, 3rd edn. St. Louis: Mosby; 2011

Lawson GW. Report of a breech cesarean section maternal death. Birth. 2011; 28:(2)159-161 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-536x.2010.00463.x

Leung TY, Lau TK, Lo KWK, Rogers MS. A survey of pregnant women's attitude towards breech delivery and external cephalic version. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2000; 40:(3) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-828x.2000.tb03331.x

MBRRACE-UK Saving lives, improving mothers' care. Lessons learned to inform maternity care from the UK and Ireland Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths and Morbidity 2016–2018. Maternal, newborn and infant clinical outcome review programme. 2020. https://www.npeu.ox.ac.uk/assets/downloads/mbrrace-uk/reports/maternal-report-2020/MBRRACE-UK_Maternal_Report_Dec_2020_v10.pdf (accessed 19 January 2020)

National Institute for Health and Social Care Excellence. Caesarean birth. NICE Guideline NG192. 2021. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng192 (accessed 15 April 2021)

NHS England. Better births. Improving outcomes of maternity services in England. National maternity review. 2016. https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/national-maternity-review-report.pdf (accessed 20 November 2020)

Nelms T. Phenomenological Philosophy and research. In: de Chesnay M. New York: Springer Publishing Company; 2014

Neubauer BE, Witkop CT. Varpio L. How phenomenology can help us learn from the experience of others. Perspectives on Medical Education. 2019; 8:90-97

Polit DF, Beck CT. Essentials of nursing research: appraising evidence for nursing practice, 8th edn. Philadelphia; London: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2014

Rattray J, Rigg E, Partridge B, Taylor M. Attitudes towards breech management among a team of maternity clinicians in Australia undertaking breech training. Women and Birth. 2020; 33:(4)e348-356 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2019.08.002

Raynes-Greenow CH, Roberts CL, Barratt A, Brodrick B, Peat B. Pregnant women's preference and knowledge of term breech management, in an Australian setting. Midwifery. 2004; 20:(2)181-187 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2003.10.002

Robinson A. Phenomenology. In: Cluett ER, Bluff R (eds). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2006

Salzer L, Nagar R, Melamed N, Wiznitzer A, Peled Y, Yogev Y. Predictors of successful external cephalic version and assessment of success for vaginal birth. Journal of Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. 2015; 28:(2)49-54 https://doi.org/10.3109/14767058.2014.900749

Say R, Thomson R, Robson S, Exley C. A qualitative interview study exploring pregnant women's and healthcare professionals' attitudes to external cephalic version. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2013; 13:(4)1-9 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-13-4

Stapleton H, Kirkham M, Thomas G, Curtis P. Language use in antenatal consultations. British Journal of Midwifery. 2002; 10:(5)273-276 https://doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2002.10.5.10345

Vyshali B, Nalliah S, Zaki NM. Factors affecting choice of delivery of breech presentation amongst patients and doctors in two large hospitals in Malaysia. British Journal of Obstetricians and Gynaecology. 2012; 119 https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0412.1998.770410.x

Waites B. Breech birth.: Free Association Books; 2003

Whyte H, Hannah ME, Saigal S, Hannah WJ, Hewson S, Amankwah K, Cheng M, Gafni A, Guselle P, Helewa M, Hodnett ED, Hutton E, Kung R, McKay D, Ross S, Willan A. Outcomes of children at 2 years after planned caesarean birth versus planned vaginal birth for breech presentation at term: the International Randomized Term Breech Trial. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2004; 191:(3)864-871 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2004.06.056

Yogev Y, Horowitz E, Ben-Haroush Chen R, Kaplan B. Changing attitudes toward mode of delivery and external cephalic version in breech presentation. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2003; 79:(3)221-224 https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ogx.0000074326.56337.00

Women's perception of choice and support in making decisions regarding management of breech presentation

02 July 2021
Volume 29 · Issue 7

Abstract

Background

Professional guidelines recommend midwives and obstetricians actively involve women in making decisions about their care. To date, breech research has focused mainly on assessing the effectiveness of different management options.

Aim

This research explores women's experience of breech presentation and their perception of choice and support in making decisions with regards to breech management.

Methods

This study uses a phenomenological research design. Semi-structured interviews took place in hospital or women's homes. A total of six postnatal women who were diagnosed with breech presentation after 36 weeks' gestation took part in the study. Data was analysed using Colaizzi's method.

Findings

A total of 84 significant statements were clustered into four main emerging themes. These include women's feelings, their healthcare expectations, their preferences and their values.

Results

Breech discussions mostly occurred between obstetricians and women. These primarily focused on external cephalic version, Elective Lower Segment Caesarean Section and Breech Vaginal Birth. These options did not always become choices available to women.

Breech presentation refers to the position of a fetus in the uterus where the buttocks or feet present first, as opposed to a cephalic presentation where fetal vertex constitutes the presenting part (Waites, 2003), with an incidence of 3%–4% of all term pregnancies (Impey et al, 2017a; 2017b).

Although vaginal breech delivery has traditionally been considered a common approach in the management of labour, the findings from the Term Breech Trial (TBT) (Hannah et al, 2000) suggested a reduction of neonatal mortality and morbidity amongst service users undergoing Elective Lower Segment Caesarean Section (EL-LSCS). Since its publication, the TBT has been subject to professional criticism (Whyte et al, 2004; Glezerman, 2006; Kotaska, 2007; Lawson, 2012), due to its limitations and biases (see Table 1). Maternal and fetal complications that may derive from undergoing EL-LSCS should not be underestimated either (see Table 2). Irrespective of this, the TBT was pioneer in leading a change in practice that would see a rise in the number of EL-LSCS for breech-presenting women at term and a decline in vaginal breech birth offer.

Register now to continue reading

Thank you for visiting British Journal of Midwifery and reading some of our peer-reviewed resources for midwives. To read more, please register today. You’ll enjoy the following great benefits:

What's included

  • Limited access to our clinical or professional articles

  • New content and clinical newsletter updates each month